Gradle build of flutter project failing

Help/Discuss
1

I am having issues building my flutter project via Android Studio. Seems to be a gradle issue, but I’m sorry to say I’m completely new to gradle and totally out of my league. Here’s the error:

FAILURE: Build failed with an exception.

* Where:
Build file '/Users/me/Projects/APPNAME/android/app/build.gradle' line: 2

* What went wrong:
An exception occurred applying plugin request [id: 'dev.flutter.flutter-gradle-plugin']
> Failed to apply plugin 'dev.flutter.flutter-gradle-plugin'.
   > Could not get unknown property 'android' for project ':app' of type org.gradle.api.Project.

My understanding is that it’s an issue with the app/build.gradle file, specifically how it’s interacting with flutter. But that’s about as far as I can take it. Here’s my current app/build.gradle file:

plugins {
    id "dev.flutter.flutter-gradle-plugin"
    id "com.android.application"
//    id "kotlin-android"
    id "org.jetbrains.kotlin.android"
    id "com.google.gms.google-services"
}

def localProperties = new Properties()
def localPropertiesFile = rootProject.file('local.properties')
if (localPropertiesFile.exists()) {
    localPropertiesFile.withReader('UTF-8') { reader ->
        localProperties.load(reader)
    }
}

//def flutterRoot = localProperties.getProperty('flutter.sdk')
//if (flutterRoot == null) {
//    throw new GradleException("Flutter SDK not found. Define location with flutter.sdk in the local.properties file.")
//}

def flutterVersionCode = localProperties.getProperty('flutter.versionCode')
if (flutterVersionCode == null) {
    flutterVersionCode = '1'
}

def flutterVersionName = localProperties.getProperty('flutter.versionName')
if (flutterVersionName == null) {
    flutterVersionName = '1.0'
}

//apply plugin: 'com.android.application'
//apply plugin: 'kotlin-android'
//apply from: "$flutterRoot/packages/flutter_tools/gradle/flutter.gradle"

def keystoreProperties = new Properties()
def keystorePropertiesFile = rootProject.file('key.properties')
if (keystorePropertiesFile.exists()) {
    keystoreProperties.load(new FileInputStream(keystorePropertiesFile))
}

android {
    compileSdkVersion 34
    ndkVersion flutter.sdkVersion
//    compileSdkVersion rootProject.ext.compileSdkVersion

    compileOptions {
        sourceCompatibility JavaVersion.VERSION_1_8
        targetCompatibility JavaVersion.VERSION_1_8
    }

    kotlinOptions {
        jvmTarget = '1.8'
    }

    sourceSets {
        main.java.srcDirs += 'src/main/kotlin'
    }

    defaultConfig {
        applicationId "com.DOMAIN.ID"
        // You can update the following values to match your application needs.
        // For more information, see: https://docs.flutter.dev/deployment/android#reviewing-the-build-configuration.
        minSdkVersion 23
        targetSdkVersion 34
        versionCode flutterVersionCode.toInteger()
        versionName flutterVersionName
//        targetSdkVersion rootProject.ext.targetSdkVersion
    }

    signingConfigs {
        release {
            keyAlias keystoreProperties['keyAlias']
            keyPassword keystoreProperties['keyPassword']
            storeFile keystoreProperties['storeFile'] ? file(keystoreProperties['storeFile']) : null
            storePassword keystoreProperties['storePassword']
        }
    }
    buildTypes {
        release {
            signingConfig signingConfigs.release
        }
    }

}



flutter {
    source '../..'
}

dependencies {
    implementation 'com.google.firebase:firebase-analytics:21.0.0'
    implementation 'com.google.firebase:firebase-storage:20.0.0'
}

id "dev.flutter.flutter-gradle-plugin"

I’ve tried alot of things, hence the multitude of commented out sections, and probably dug myself deeper with each attempt. Just for good measure, here’s my andoird-level build.gradle file as well:

allprojects {
    repositories {
        google()
        mavenCentral()
//        maven { url "${project(':background_fetch').projectDir}/libs" }
    }
}

rootProject.buildDir = '../build'
subprojects {
    project.buildDir = "${rootProject.buildDir}/${project.name}"
}
subprojects {
    project.evaluationDependsOn(':app')
}

tasks.register("clean", Delete) {
    delete rootProject.buildDir
}
//
ext {
    compileSdkVersion   = 34
    targetSdkVersion    = 34
    appCompatVersion    = "1.4.2"
}

I’ve updated flutter on my machine, invalidated caches, re-ran pub get/flutter doctor/flutter clean/etc, and tried to build again and no luck.

Many google searches have also made me just more confused then before. Would be eternally grateful for any assistance!

2

I have no idea about Flutter.

But besides that your build scripts are full of many discouraged bad practices, the error you got suggests that the Flutter plugin is also misbehaving and depending on plugin application order.
Try applying it after the Android plugin and it probably will be able to process further.
At least just interpreting the error message you posted.

3

Thanks for the reply Björn! If my code looks bad/outdated, that totally makes sense: I started this flutter project years ago, and have updated the gradle files as little as humanly possible since. And when I have made changes, I’ve done so without really knowing what I’m doing!

I took your advice and swapped the order of the plugins:

plugins {
    id "com.android.application"
    id "dev.flutter.flutter-gradle-plugin"
//    id "kotlin-android"
    id "org.jetbrains.kotlin.android"
    id "com.google.gms.google-services"
}

def localProperties = new Properties()
def localPropertiesFile = rootProject.file('local.properties')
if (localPropertiesFile.exists()) {
    localPropertiesFile.withReader('UTF-8') { reader ->
        localProperties.load(reader)
    }
}

//def flutterRoot = localProperties.getProperty('flutter.sdk')
//if (flutterRoot == null) {
//    throw new GradleException("Flutter SDK not found. Define location with flutter.sdk in the local.properties file.")
//}

def flutterVersionCode = localProperties.getProperty('flutter.versionCode')
if (flutterVersionCode == null) {
    flutterVersionCode = '1'
}

def flutterVersionName = localProperties.getProperty('flutter.versionName')
if (flutterVersionName == null) {
    flutterVersionName = '1.0'
}

//apply plugin: 'com.android.application'
//apply plugin: 'kotlin-android'
//apply from: "$flutterRoot/packages/flutter_tools/gradle/flutter.gradle"

def keystoreProperties = new Properties()
def keystorePropertiesFile = rootProject.file('key.properties')
if (keystorePropertiesFile.exists()) {
    keystoreProperties.load(new FileInputStream(keystorePropertiesFile))
}

android {
    compileSdkVersion 34
    ndkVersion flutter.sdkVersion
//    compileSdkVersion rootProject.ext.compileSdkVersion

    compileOptions {
        sourceCompatibility JavaVersion.VERSION_1_8
        targetCompatibility JavaVersion.VERSION_1_8
    }

    kotlinOptions {
        jvmTarget = '1.8'
    }

    sourceSets {
        main.java.srcDirs += 'src/main/kotlin'
    }

    defaultConfig {
        applicationId "com.DOMAIN.APP"
        // You can update the following values to match your application needs.
        // For more information, see: https://docs.flutter.dev/deployment/android#reviewing-the-build-configuration.
        minSdkVersion 23
        targetSdkVersion 34
        versionCode flutterVersionCode.toInteger()
        versionName flutterVersionName
//        targetSdkVersion rootProject.ext.targetSdkVersion
    }

    signingConfigs {
        release {
            keyAlias keystoreProperties['keyAlias']
            keyPassword keystoreProperties['keyPassword']
            storeFile keystoreProperties['storeFile'] ? file(keystoreProperties['storeFile']) : null
            storePassword keystoreProperties['storePassword']
        }
    }
    buildTypes {
        release {
            signingConfig signingConfigs.release
        }
    }

}



flutter {
    source '../..'
}

dependencies {
    implementation 'com.google.firebase:firebase-analytics:21.0.0'
    implementation 'com.google.firebase:firebase-storage:20.0.0'
}

Still get a build error, though it’s slightly different now?

Running Gradle task 'assembleDebug'...
Warning: unable to detect project KGP version. Skipping version checking. 
This may be because you have applied KGP after the Flutter Gradle Plugin.

FAILURE: Build failed with an exception.

* Where:
Build file '/Users/drewmoe/Projects/SLT Calc/android/app/build.gradle' line: 44

* What went wrong:
A problem occurred evaluating project ':app'.
> Could not get unknown property 'sdkVersion' for extension 'flutter' of type FlutterExtension.
4

Again, this is a Gradle community, you should probably ask in some Flutter community.
The warning is quite explicit and is correct, you apply the KGP after Flutter and still flutter is badly implemented and depends on order.
Whether this also fixes the error, no idea.

5

Totally understand - Flutter trouble shooting isn’t a thing here. However, I don’t think it’s a flutter issue: the app builds and runs just fine in an iOS (gradle-less) environment. Also the issues with android-specific build errors only occurred once I started messing with the gradle file(s) themselves. Hence, me posting here.

If the error message is explicit, I’m unfortunately still unable to make sense of it.

My best guess: if “:app” is at issue, that’s actually in the android/build.gradle file. In the android/build.gradle file, as an extension (“ext”), I do specify an compileSdkVersion and targetSdkVersion (both of which are set to 34), so I assume that’s what’s being referred to with "unknown property ‘sdkVersion’ ". So something is wrong with the sdk extension? It doesn’t jive with the flutter plug-in/project for some reason?

That’s pretty much as far as I can take the error-message interpreting, unfortunately.

6

iOS is pointless.
But what you have, are problems from the Flutter Gradle plugin provided by the Flutter SDK.
I’ve not seen many Flutter users here, let alone ones who would answer questions.
So while of course you only have the problems in the Gradle build, you have it with the Flutter Gradle plugin, not with Gradle itself.

I did not say the error message is explicit, I said the warning is explicit. Let me repeat it for you:

Warning: unable to detect project KGP version. Skipping version checking.
This may be because you have applied KGP after the Flutter Gradle Plugin.

And I also said that I have no idea whether this will fix your error too, but it is worth a try.

The error actually is also quite explicit, now that I look at it closer.
It would maybe be clearer if you followed the other advice in the error telling to use --stacktrace or --scan to gather further insights. This will most probably point you to the line ndkVersion flutter.sdkVersion as your error says “there is no such property sdkVersion on flutter”.

My best guess is, that you are copied some build script snippets together that might work for another Flutter Gradle plugin version but not for the current one. But again, just guessing here, as I have no idea at all about Flutter.

7

Understood! Thank you for your patience with this. To address the “This may be because you have applied KGP after the Flutter Gradle Plugin.” warning, I moved the plug-in order in the app/build.gradle again, and that seems to have worked. New plugins:

plugins {
    id "com.android.application"
    id "org.jetbrains.kotlin.android"
    id "dev.flutter.flutter-gradle-plugin"
    id "com.google.gms.google-services"
}

So, no more runtime warning in regards to that. Progress! I also found what I think was a typo, related to the errors/warnings thus far. Old code:

ndkVersion flutter.sdkVersion

But I assume it should’ve actually been:

ndkVersion flutter.ndkVersion

Attempted the build again, but get yet another different error. Here’s my stacktrace output:

Starting a Gradle Daemon, 1 incompatible Daemon could not be reused, use --status for details

FAILURE: Build failed with an exception.

* Where:
Build file '/Users/drewmoe/Projects/APP/android/build.gradle' line: 14

* What went wrong:
A problem occurred evaluating root project 'android'.
> A problem occurred configuring project ':app'.
   > Could not create task ':app:copyFlutterAssetsDebug'.
      > Could not create task ':app:mergeDebugAssets'.
         > Cannot use @TaskAction annotation on method IncrementalTask.taskAction$gradle_core() because interface org.gradle.api.tasks.incremental.IncrementalTaskInputs is not a valid parameter to an action method.

* Try:
> Run with --info or --debug option to get more log output.
> Run with --scan to get full insights.
> Get more help at https://help.gradle.org.

* Exception is:
org.gradle.api.GradleScriptException: A problem occurred evaluating root project 'android'.
        at org.gradle.groovy.scripts.internal.DefaultScriptRunnerFactory$ScriptRunnerImpl.run(DefaultScriptRunnerFactory.java:93)
        at org.gradle.configuration.DefaultScriptPluginFactory$ScriptPluginImpl.lambda$apply$0(DefaultScriptPluginFactory.java:137)
        at org.gradle.configuration.ProjectScriptTarget.addConfiguration(ProjectScriptTarget.java:79)
        at org.gradle.configuration.DefaultScriptPluginFactory$ScriptPluginImpl.apply(DefaultScriptPluginFactory.java:140)
        at org.gradle.configuration.BuildOperationScriptPlugin$1.run(BuildOperationScriptPlugin.java:68)
        at org.gradle.internal.operations.DefaultBuildOperationRunner$1.execute(DefaultBuildOperationRunner.java:29)
        at org.gradle.internal.operations.DefaultBuildOperationRunner$1.execute(DefaultBuildOperationRunner.java:26)
        at org.gradle.internal.operations.DefaultBuildOperationRunner$2.execute(DefaultBuildOperationRunner.java:66)
        at org.gradle.internal.operations.DefaultBuildOperationRunner$2.execute(DefaultBuildOperationRunner.java:59)
        at org.gradle.internal.operations.DefaultBuildOperationRunner.execute(DefaultBuildOperationRunner.java:166)
        at org.gradle.internal.operations.DefaultBuildOperationRunner.execute(DefaultBuildOperationRunner.java:59)
        at org.gradle.internal.operations.DefaultBuildOperationRunner.run(DefaultBuildOperationRunner.java:47)
        at org.gradle.configuration.BuildOperationScriptPlugin.lambda$apply$0(BuildOperationScriptPlugin.java:65)
        at org.gradle.internal.code.DefaultUserCodeApplicationContext.apply(DefaultUserCodeApplicationContext.java:44)
        at org.gradle.configuration.BuildOperationScriptPlugin.apply(BuildOperationScriptPlugin.java:65)
        at org.gradle.api.internal.project.DefaultProjectStateRegistry$ProjectStateImpl.lambda$applyToMutableState$1(DefaultProjectStateRegistry.java:407)
        at org.gradle.api.internal.project.DefaultProjectStateRegistry$ProjectStateImpl.fromMutableState(DefaultProjectStateRegistry.java:425)
        at org.gradle.api.internal.project.DefaultProjectStateRegistry$ProjectStateImpl.applyToMutableState(DefaultProjectStateRegistry.java:406)
        at org.gradle.configuration.project.BuildScriptProcessor.execute(BuildScriptProcessor.java:46)
        at org.gradle.configuration.project.BuildScriptProcessor.execute(BuildScriptProcessor.java:27)
        at org.gradle.configuration.project.ConfigureActionsProjectEvaluator.evaluate(ConfigureActionsProjectEvaluator.java:35)
        at org.gradle.configuration.project.LifecycleProjectEvaluator$EvaluateProject.lambda$run$0(LifecycleProjectEvaluator.java:109)
        at org.gradle.api.internal.project.DefaultProjectStateRegistry$ProjectStateImpl.lambda$applyToMutableState$1(DefaultProjectStateRegistry.java:407)
        at org.gradle.api.internal.project.DefaultProjectStateRegistry$ProjectStateImpl.lambda$fromMutableState$2(DefaultProjectStateRegistry.java:430)
        at org.gradle.internal.work.DefaultWorkerLeaseService.withReplacedLocks(DefaultWorkerLeaseService.java:363)
        at org.gradle.api.internal.project.DefaultProjectStateRegistry$ProjectStateImpl.fromMutableState(DefaultProjectStateRegistry.java:430)
        at org.gradle.api.internal.project.DefaultProjectStateRegistry$ProjectStateImpl.applyToMutableState(DefaultProjectStateRegistry.java:406)
        at org.gradle.configuration.project.LifecycleProjectEvaluator$EvaluateProject.run(LifecycleProjectEvaluator.java:100)
        at org.gradle.internal.operations.DefaultBuildOperationRunner$1.execute(DefaultBuildOperationRunner.java:29)
        at org.gradle.internal.operations.DefaultBuildOperationRunner$1.execute(DefaultBuildOperationRunner.java:26)
        at org.gradle.internal.operations.DefaultBuildOperationRunner$2.execute(DefaultBuildOperationRunner.java:66)
        at org.gradle.internal.operations.DefaultBuildOperationRunner$2.execute(DefaultBuildOperationRunner.java:59)
        at org.gradle.internal.operations.DefaultBuildOperationRunner.execute(DefaultBuildOperationRunner.java:166)
        at org.gradle.internal.operations.DefaultBuildOperationRunner.execute(DefaultBuildOperationRunner.java:59)
        at org.gradle.internal.operations.DefaultBuildOperationRunner.run(DefaultBuildOperationRunner.java:47)
        at org.gradle.configuration.project.LifecycleProjectEvaluator.evaluate(LifecycleProjectEvaluator.java:72)
        at org.gradle.api.internal.project.DefaultProject.evaluate(DefaultProject.java:756)
        at org.gradle.api.internal.project.DefaultProject.evaluate(DefaultProject.java:157)
        at org.gradle.api.internal.project.ProjectLifecycleController.lambda$ensureSelfConfigured$2(ProjectLifecycleController.java:84)
        at org.gradle.internal.model.StateTransitionController.lambda$doTransition$14(StateTransitionController.java:255)
        at org.gradle.internal.model.StateTransitionController.doTransition(StateTransitionController.java:266)
        at org.gradle.internal.model.StateTransitionController.doTransition(StateTransitionController.java:254)
        at org.gradle.internal.model.StateTransitionController.lambda$maybeTransitionIfNotCurrentlyTransitioning$10(StateTransitionController.java:199)
        at org.gradle.internal.work.DefaultSynchronizer.withLock(DefaultSynchronizer.java:34)
        at org.gradle.internal.model.StateTransitionController.maybeTransitionIfNotCurrentlyTransitioning(StateTransitionController.java:195)
        at org.gradle.api.internal.project.ProjectLifecycleController.ensureSelfConfigured(ProjectLifecycleController.java:84)
        at org.gradle.api.internal.project.DefaultProjectStateRegistry$ProjectStateImpl.ensureConfigured(DefaultProjectStateRegistry.java:381)
        at org.gradle.execution.TaskPathProjectEvaluator.configure(TaskPathProjectEvaluator.java:34)
        at org.gradle.execution.TaskPathProjectEvaluator.configureHierarchy(TaskPathProjectEvaluator.java:48)
        at org.gradle.configuration.DefaultProjectsPreparer.prepareProjects(DefaultProjectsPreparer.java:42)
        at org.gradle.configuration.BuildTreePreparingProjectsPreparer.prepareProjects(BuildTreePreparingProjectsPreparer.java:65)
        at org.gradle.configuration.BuildOperationFiringProjectsPreparer$ConfigureBuild.run(BuildOperationFiringProjectsPreparer.java:52)
        at org.gradle.internal.operations.DefaultBuildOperationRunner$1.execute(DefaultBuildOperationRunner.java:29)
        at org.gradle.internal.operations.DefaultBuildOperationRunner$1.execute(DefaultBuildOperationRunner.java:26)
        at org.gradle.internal.operations.DefaultBuildOperationRunner$2.execute(DefaultBuildOperationRunner.java:66)
        at org.gradle.internal.operations.DefaultBuildOperationRunner$2.execute(DefaultBuildOperationRunner.java:59)
        at org.gradle.internal.operations.DefaultBuildOperationRunner.execute(DefaultBuildOperationRunner.java:166)
        at org.gradle.internal.operations.DefaultBuildOperationRunner.execute(DefaultBuildOperationRunner.java:59)
        at org.gradle.internal.operations.DefaultBuildOperationRunner.run(DefaultBuildOperationRunner.java:47)
        at org.gradle.configuration.BuildOperationFiringProjectsPreparer.prepareProjects(BuildOperationFiringProjectsPreparer.java:40)
        at org.gradle.initialization.VintageBuildModelController.lambda$prepareProjects$2(VintageBuildModelController.java:84)
        at org.gradle.internal.model.StateTransitionController.lambda$doTransition$14(StateTransitionController.java:255)
        at org.gradle.internal.model.StateTransitionController.doTransition(StateTransitionController.java:266)
        at org.gradle.internal.model.StateTransitionController.doTransition(StateTransitionController.java:254)
        at org.gradle.internal.model.StateTransitionController.lambda$transitionIfNotPreviously$11(StateTransitionController.java:213)
        at org.gradle.internal.work.DefaultSynchronizer.withLock(DefaultSynchronizer.java:34)
        at org.gradle.internal.model.StateTransitionController.transitionIfNotPreviously(StateTransitionController.java:209)
        at org.gradle.initialization.VintageBuildModelController.prepareProjects(VintageBuildModelController.java:84)
        at org.gradle.initialization.VintageBuildModelController.prepareToScheduleTasks(VintageBuildModelController.java:71)
        at org.gradle.internal.build.DefaultBuildLifecycleController.lambda$prepareToScheduleTasks$6(DefaultBuildLifecycleController.java:175)
        at org.gradle.internal.model.StateTransitionController.lambda$doTransition$14(StateTransitionController.java:255)
        at org.gradle.internal.model.StateTransitionController.doTransition(StateTransitionController.java:266)
        at org.gradle.internal.model.StateTransitionController.doTransition(StateTransitionController.java:254)
        at org.gradle.internal.model.StateTransitionController.lambda$maybeTransition$9(StateTransitionController.java:190)
        at org.gradle.internal.work.DefaultSynchronizer.withLock(DefaultSynchronizer.java:34)
        at org.gradle.internal.model.StateTransitionController.maybeTransition(StateTransitionController.java:186)
        at org.gradle.internal.build.DefaultBuildLifecycleController.prepareToScheduleTasks(DefaultBuildLifecycleController.java:173)
        at org.gradle.internal.buildtree.DefaultBuildTreeWorkPreparer.scheduleRequestedTasks(DefaultBuildTreeWorkPreparer.java:36)
        at org.gradle.internal.cc.impl.VintageBuildTreeWorkController$scheduleAndRunRequestedTasks$1.apply(VintageBuildTreeWorkController.kt:36)
        at org.gradle.internal.cc.impl.VintageBuildTreeWorkController$scheduleAndRunRequestedTasks$1.apply(VintageBuildTreeWorkController.kt:35)
        at org.gradle.composite.internal.DefaultIncludedBuildTaskGraph.withNewWorkGraph(DefaultIncludedBuildTaskGraph.java:112)
        at org.gradle.internal.cc.impl.VintageBuildTreeWorkController.scheduleAndRunRequestedTasks(VintageBuildTreeWorkController.kt:35)
        at org.gradle.internal.buildtree.DefaultBuildTreeLifecycleController.lambda$scheduleAndRunTasks$1(DefaultBuildTreeLifecycleController.java:77)
        at org.gradle.internal.buildtree.DefaultBuildTreeLifecycleController.lambda$runBuild$4(DefaultBuildTreeLifecycleController.java:120)
        at org.gradle.internal.model.StateTransitionController.lambda$transition$6(StateTransitionController.java:169)
        at org.gradle.internal.model.StateTransitionController.doTransition(StateTransitionController.java:266)
        at org.gradle.internal.model.StateTransitionController.lambda$transition$7(StateTransitionController.java:169)
        at org.gradle.internal.work.DefaultSynchronizer.withLock(DefaultSynchronizer.java:44)
        at org.gradle.internal.model.StateTransitionController.transition(StateTransitionController.java:169)
        at org.gradle.internal.buildtree.DefaultBuildTreeLifecycleController.runBuild(DefaultBuildTreeLifecycleController.java:117)
        at org.gradle.internal.buildtree.DefaultBuildTreeLifecycleController.scheduleAndRunTasks(DefaultBuildTreeLifecycleController.java:77)
        at org.gradle.internal.buildtree.DefaultBuildTreeLifecycleController.scheduleAndRunTasks(DefaultBuildTreeLifecycleController.java:72)
        at org.gradle.tooling.internal.provider.ExecuteBuildActionRunner.run(ExecuteBuildActionRunner.java:31)
        at org.gradle.launcher.exec.ChainingBuildActionRunner.run(ChainingBuildActionRunner.java:35)
        at org.gradle.internal.buildtree.ProblemReportingBuildActionRunner.run(ProblemReportingBuildActionRunner.java:49)
        at org.gradle.launcher.exec.BuildOutcomeReportingBuildActionRunner.run(BuildOutcomeReportingBuildActionRunner.java:65)
        at org.gradle.tooling.internal.provider.FileSystemWatchingBuildActionRunner.run(FileSystemWatchingBuildActionRunner.java:140)
        at org.gradle.launcher.exec.BuildCompletionNotifyingBuildActionRunner.run(BuildCompletionNotifyingBuildActionRunner.java:41)
        at org.gradle.launcher.exec.RootBuildLifecycleBuildActionExecutor.lambda$execute$0(RootBuildLifecycleBuildActionExecutor.java:40)
        at org.gradle.composite.internal.DefaultRootBuildState.run(DefaultRootBuildState.java:130)
        at org.gradle.launcher.exec.RootBuildLifecycleBuildActionExecutor.execute(RootBuildLifecycleBuildActionExecutor.java:40)
        at org.gradle.internal.buildtree.InitDeprecationLoggingActionExecutor.execute(InitDeprecationLoggingActionExecutor.java:62)
        at org.gradle.internal.buildtree.InitProblems.execute(InitProblems.java:36)
        at org.gradle.internal.buildtree.DefaultBuildTreeContext.execute(DefaultBuildTreeContext.java:40)
        at org.gradle.launcher.exec.BuildTreeLifecycleBuildActionExecutor.lambda$execute$0(BuildTreeLifecycleBuildActionExecutor.java:71)
        at org.gradle.internal.buildtree.BuildTreeState.run(BuildTreeState.java:60)
        at org.gradle.launcher.exec.BuildTreeLifecycleBuildActionExecutor.execute(BuildTreeLifecycleBuildActionExecutor.java:71)
        at org.gradle.launcher.exec.RunAsBuildOperationBuildActionExecutor$3.call(RunAsBuildOperationBuildActionExecutor.java:61)
        at org.gradle.launcher.exec.RunAsBuildOperationBuildActionExecutor$3.call(RunAsBuildOperationBuildActionExecutor.java:57)
        at org.gradle.internal.operations.DefaultBuildOperationRunner$CallableBuildOperationWorker.execute(DefaultBuildOperationRunner.java:209)
        at org.gradle.internal.operations.DefaultBuildOperationRunner$CallableBuildOperationWorker.execute(DefaultBuildOperationRunner.java:204)
        at org.gradle.internal.operations.DefaultBuildOperationRunner$2.execute(DefaultBuildOperationRunner.java:66)
        at org.gradle.internal.operations.DefaultBuildOperationRunner$2.execute(DefaultBuildOperationRunner.java:59)
        at org.gradle.internal.operations.DefaultBuildOperationRunner.execute(DefaultBuildOperationRunner.java:166)
        at org.gradle.internal.operations.DefaultBuildOperationRunner.execute(DefaultBuildOperationRunner.java:59)
        at org.gradle.internal.operations.DefaultBuildOperationRunner.call(DefaultBuildOperationRunner.java:53)
        at org.gradle.launcher.exec.RunAsBuildOperationBuildActionExecutor.execute(RunAsBuildOperationBuildActionExecutor.java:57)
        at org.gradle.launcher.exec.RunAsWorkerThreadBuildActionExecutor.lambda$execute$0(RunAsWorkerThreadBuildActionExecutor.java:36)
        at org.gradle.internal.work.DefaultWorkerLeaseService.withLocks(DefaultWorkerLeaseService.java:267)
        at org.gradle.internal.work.DefaultWorkerLeaseService.runAsWorkerThread(DefaultWorkerLeaseService.java:131)
        at org.gradle.launcher.exec.RunAsWorkerThreadBuildActionExecutor.execute(RunAsWorkerThreadBuildActionExecutor.java:36)
        at org.gradle.tooling.internal.provider.continuous.ContinuousBuildActionExecutor.execute(ContinuousBuildActionExecutor.java:110)
        at org.gradle.tooling.internal.provider.SubscribableBuildActionExecutor.execute(SubscribableBuildActionExecutor.java:64)
        at org.gradle.internal.session.DefaultBuildSessionContext.execute(DefaultBuildSessionContext.java:46)
        at org.gradle.internal.buildprocess.execution.BuildSessionLifecycleBuildActionExecutor$ActionImpl.apply(BuildSessionLifecycleBuildActionExecutor.java:92)
        at org.gradle.internal.buildprocess.execution.BuildSessionLifecycleBuildActionExecutor$ActionImpl.apply(BuildSessionLifecycleBuildActionExecutor.java:80)
        at org.gradle.internal.session.BuildSessionState.run(BuildSessionState.java:71)
        at org.gradle.internal.buildprocess.execution.BuildSessionLifecycleBuildActionExecutor.execute(BuildSessionLifecycleBuildActionExecutor.java:62)
        at org.gradle.internal.buildprocess.execution.BuildSessionLifecycleBuildActionExecutor.execute(BuildSessionLifecycleBuildActionExecutor.java:41)
        at org.gradle.internal.buildprocess.execution.StartParamsValidatingActionExecutor.execute(StartParamsValidatingActionExecutor.java:64)
        at org.gradle.internal.buildprocess.execution.StartParamsValidatingActionExecutor.execute(StartParamsValidatingActionExecutor.java:32)
        at org.gradle.internal.buildprocess.execution.SessionFailureReportingActionExecutor.execute(SessionFailureReportingActionExecutor.java:51)
        at org.gradle.internal.buildprocess.execution.SessionFailureReportingActionExecutor.execute(SessionFailureReportingActionExecutor.java:39)
        at org.gradle.internal.buildprocess.execution.SetupLoggingActionExecutor.execute(SetupLoggingActionExecutor.java:47)
        at org.gradle.internal.buildprocess.execution.SetupLoggingActionExecutor.execute(SetupLoggingActionExecutor.java:31)
        at org.gradle.launcher.daemon.server.exec.ExecuteBuild.doBuild(ExecuteBuild.java:70)
        at org.gradle.launcher.daemon.server.exec.BuildCommandOnly.execute(BuildCommandOnly.java:37)
        at org.gradle.launcher.daemon.server.api.DaemonCommandExecution.proceed(DaemonCommandExecution.java:104)
        at org.gradle.launcher.daemon.server.exec.WatchForDisconnection.execute(WatchForDisconnection.java:39)
        at org.gradle.launcher.daemon.server.api.DaemonCommandExecution.proceed(DaemonCommandExecution.java:104)
        at org.gradle.launcher.daemon.server.exec.ResetDeprecationLogger.execute(ResetDeprecationLogger.java:29)
        at org.gradle.launcher.daemon.server.api.DaemonCommandExecution.proceed(DaemonCommandExecution.java:104)
        at org.gradle.launcher.daemon.server.exec.RequestStopIfSingleUsedDaemon.execute(RequestStopIfSingleUsedDaemon.java:35)
        at org.gradle.launcher.daemon.server.api.DaemonCommandExecution.proceed(DaemonCommandExecution.java:104)
        at org.gradle.launcher.daemon.server.exec.ForwardClientInput.lambda$execute$0(ForwardClientInput.java:40)
        at 

***deleted a bunch of error text to stay within character limits***

Deprecated Gradle features were used in this build, making it incompatible with Gradle 9.0.

You can use '--warning-mode all' to show the individual deprecation warnings and determine if they come from your own scripts or plugins.

For more on this, please refer to https://docs.gradle.org/8.9/userguide/command_line_interface.html#sec:command_line_warnings in the Gradle documentation.

BUILD FAILED in 16s
4 actionable tasks: 2 executed, 2 up-to-date

Obviously that’s a ton of stuff, but the part at the end sticks out to me: “Deprecated Gradle features were used in this build, making it incompatible with Gradle 9.0.”

You mentioned earlier that I was using some code that was “discouraged bad practices”. I wonder if my “bad” code is finally coming to bear as stuff gets updated?

Earlier, my gradle files used the buildscript method. Something like:

buildscript {
    ext.kotlin_version = '1.8.22'
    repositories {
        google()
        mavenCentral()
    }

    dependencies {
        classpath 'com.android.tools.build:gradle:7.2.1'
        classpath "org.jetbrains.kotlin:kotlin-gradle-plugin:1.8.22"
        classpath 'com.google.gms:google-services:4.3.10'
    }
}

But I read that buildscript was being deprecated. Could it be related to this? I did my best to follow the documentation to move away from the soon-to-be-deprecated code, but it’s entirely possible I made a mistake in doing so? It does strike me though that if a big part of the errors I’m having are “version” related, the buildscript code does indeed specify versions for alot of things, whereas the new methodologies (as I’ve implemented them at least) does not.

Apologies if I’m just making a lot of wild guesses. I’m really trying to do the detective work myself and trying not to waste your time, but I’m so new to this it’s all just leading me down further and further rabbit holes of confusion.

8

The bad practices are for example that you use ext properties which is always a sign of doing something more work-around instead of doing it properly. Or that you do cross-project configuration using things like subprojects { ... } or allprojects { ... } or project(...) { ... } or similar means to do cross-project configuration. Or using evaluationDependsOn. Or registering an own clean task instead of just configuring the standard one.

I’m not aware the buildscript block will be deprecated, but it indeed should not be used to add plugins to the classpath, but the plugins block instead.

What the deprecated features you are warned about means I can hardly guess, but increasing the warning mode as advised will tell you and with --stacktrace also tell you where they are coming from. An even better option is to use a build --scan if you can.

But the deprecation warnings will not make your build fail unless you try to upgrade to a later major version.

The error you got now means, that you are using a Gradle version with which a plugin you are using is not compatible with. So you either need to use a newer version of that plugin that is compatible with the Gradle version you want to use, or use a Gradle version with which the plugin you are using is compatible with.

9

That’s actually super interesting, Björn! Just for funsies, I created a new baseline flutter project (the default starter project in Android Studio) to see how Android Studio/Flutter and ostensibly Google themselves sets up the gradle file. Interestingly: both the cross-project config stuff and the clean task are both baked into the default gradle files. Neither here nor there, but interesting that Google sets it up that way.

Anyways, in regards to my situation, I think it’s starting to make sense to me. At least the problem at hand, but not neccessarily the solution to it. To my understanding: it doesn’t look like there’s anything inherently “wrong” with the gradle code. Even with bad practices included, it should still run.

The problem is likely in version/capability discrepancies somewhere in my development environment? Like I’m running incompatible versions of gradle and something else (a plug-in, sdk, etc - hard to say specifically), and they aren’t interacting properly. Is that an accurate way of thinking of it?

10

both the cross-project config stuff and the clean task are both baked into the default gradle files

Well, Google is not the authority in how to write proper Gradle builds.
And obviously they do it wrong.
Seems to be a shortcoming someone who cares should report to them and makes them fix it. :man_shrugging:

The problem is likely in version/capability discrepancies somewhere in my development environment? Like I’m running incompatible versions of gradle and something else (a plug-in, sdk, etc - hard to say specifically), and they aren’t interacting properly. Is that an accurate way of thinking of it?

Well, as that is exactly what I said, just with different words, yes.
Except for the “hard to say specifically” part.
Looking at a full --stacktrace or build --scan should pretty obviously point at what is the incompatible task.
It’s probably the mergeDebugAssets task’s type which you can also get and then look at using ./gradlew help --task :app:mergeDebugAssets