How to disable using "Gradle Module Metadata", then to use pom.xml to resolve dependencies

Yes, you can disable it per repo declaration like:

repositories {
    maven {
        url = ...
        metadataSources {
            ignoreGradleMetadataRedirection()
        }
    }
}

And for the future, it is almost always a bad idea to ignore the metadata or to not publish it. It has a much richer model than poms and thus leads to much better resolution. Better fix the configuration of your build so that the metadata you need is generated and then this should usually also generated according pom.